Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the limit-login-attempts-reloaded domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /mnt/web214/a1/45/52254245/htdocs/akoriot/WordPress_02/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6114 Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the wordpress-seo domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /mnt/web214/a1/45/52254245/htdocs/akoriot/WordPress_02/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6114 Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /mnt/web214/a1/45/52254245/htdocs/akoriot/WordPress_02/wp-includes/functions.php:6114) in /mnt/web214/a1/45/52254245/htdocs/akoriot/WordPress_02/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-server.php on line 1893 Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /mnt/web214/a1/45/52254245/htdocs/akoriot/WordPress_02/wp-includes/functions.php:6114) in /mnt/web214/a1/45/52254245/htdocs/akoriot/WordPress_02/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-server.php on line 1893 Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /mnt/web214/a1/45/52254245/htdocs/akoriot/WordPress_02/wp-includes/functions.php:6114) in /mnt/web214/a1/45/52254245/htdocs/akoriot/WordPress_02/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-server.php on line 1893 Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /mnt/web214/a1/45/52254245/htdocs/akoriot/WordPress_02/wp-includes/functions.php:6114) in /mnt/web214/a1/45/52254245/htdocs/akoriot/WordPress_02/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-server.php on line 1893 Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /mnt/web214/a1/45/52254245/htdocs/akoriot/WordPress_02/wp-includes/functions.php:6114) in /mnt/web214/a1/45/52254245/htdocs/akoriot/WordPress_02/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-server.php on line 1893 Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /mnt/web214/a1/45/52254245/htdocs/akoriot/WordPress_02/wp-includes/functions.php:6114) in /mnt/web214/a1/45/52254245/htdocs/akoriot/WordPress_02/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-server.php on line 1893 Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /mnt/web214/a1/45/52254245/htdocs/akoriot/WordPress_02/wp-includes/functions.php:6114) in /mnt/web214/a1/45/52254245/htdocs/akoriot/WordPress_02/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-server.php on line 1893 Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /mnt/web214/a1/45/52254245/htdocs/akoriot/WordPress_02/wp-includes/functions.php:6114) in /mnt/web214/a1/45/52254245/htdocs/akoriot/WordPress_02/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-server.php on line 1893 {"id":1656,"date":"2019-12-20T07:58:08","date_gmt":"2019-12-20T07:58:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.akoriot.com\/?p=1656"},"modified":"2021-03-03T09:22:43","modified_gmt":"2021-03-03T09:22:43","slug":"gnss-antennas-recycling","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.akoriot.com\/antenna\/gnss-antennas-recycling\/","title":{"rendered":"GNSS Antennas and Recycling"},"content":{"rendered":"

GNSS Antennas and Recycling<\/h1>\n\n\n
\"Nail
DIY GNSS (GPS\/Galileo\/Glonass\/Beidou) Antenna<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Everybody talks about protecting the environment and recycling. The nail antenna from the land of poets and thinkers (Germany) follows this trend. We\u2019ve hit the nail on the head with this design.  We don\u2019t need a new nail \u2013 no we use old, superfluous, rusty nails and recycle them into valuable, perfect GNSS antennas. This nail antenna was tuned without using a Vector Network Analyser (VNA). To adjust the nail antenna you only need a belt grinder. You shorten the nail with the saw to approximately Lambda\/4, check the number of visible GNSS satellites in the NMEA string and then further shorten the nail by grinding it. We do this until we see a maximum number of satellites in the sky. And as you can see, we are saving twice because we use old nails as antennas and save money on the purchase of an expensive VNA. If you don\u2019t have a belt grinder, you are welcome to use a hand file. If you don\u2019t have a hand file, you just ask your friendly neighbour. Everybody who sends me a picture of their nail antenna for GPS, LoRaWAN, Sigfox, Bluetooth, NB-IoT, or LTEM by e-mail up to October 31, 2019, can get a 30% discount on my IoT M2M Cookbook.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kidding aside \u2013 Back to real LPWAN and GNSS antennas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The antenna above is real. The HW developer has the same MegiQ Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) as me.  His VNA is in the laboratory and he wanted to repair the PCB at home. The GPS patch antenna was broken and at home there were only nails and a belt grinder. How a Lambda\/4 antenna works is basic knowledge. From time to time we exchange home made antennas. He constructed an antenna from old nails and\/or metal rod and I constructed one from two two cent coins (total cost therefore 4 euro cent).  A nail antenna can be adjusted to SubGHz (LoRaWAN, Sigfox, NB-IoT) and Bluetooth or Wi-Fi .  My coin antenna is nearly impossible to tune for SubGHz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nails or coins \u2013 from both you can develop antennas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The right conductive structure in the right arrangement always results in an antenna. You only have to know which structure fits which application.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

GNSS DIY Antenna and Receiving<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"GPS
GPS Test app on Android<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>How many GNSS satellites can be received and which are visible in the sky can be determined by an Android app called GPS-Test. GPS-Test shows us which GNSS satellites the phone is currently receiving and Sat-AR shows us which satellites are where in the sky. The screenshot of GPS-Test shows us 12 satellites in the display window and the scroll bar shows us that more than 12 are being received. GPS-Test shows not only the GPS satellites, but also the Glonass satellites. In the upper left corner of the display window we can see that 20 satellites are visible. On the right we can see that 18 satellites are in use. Below left one sees in which angle the satellites are in the sky. With the Trimble GNSS Planning web page we can see the number of satellites spread over the day. The chart below shows the number of satellites for Neustadt am R\u00fcbenberge near Hannover. In the worst case only 6 American GPS satellites are visible but 10 Chinese Beidou satellites. Besides there are 7 Russian GLONASS satellites and 6 European Galileo satellites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Visible
GNSS Satellites visible in the sky over time<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

GPS DIY antenna: Smith chart and return loss<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"Smith
DIY GPS antenna – Smith Chart<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Return
DIY GPS antenna – return Loss<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The red curves show the antenna not matched to 50 Ohm in the return loss diagram and in the Smith chart. The blue curve shows the attempt to simulate matching. The return loss in the blue curve is better than -35 dB. However, the antenna cannot be adjusted to 50 Ohm and simultaneously pulled to 1575 MHz medium frequency. The 50 ohms are almost reached at 1655 MHz. The frequency is too high and the nail should be a bit longer. The red curve is perfect for this, which was adjusted without VNA. But it also shows that only shortening the antenna without VNA will not achieve the optimum. The blue curve would shift towards the red curve with a slightly longer antenna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anyone who has problems with their antenna or radio can contact us.  It does not have to be a nail antenna or a 4 cent antenna. We take care of the design of almost any antenna from 400 MHz to 6000 MHz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Metal is metal, how to use a nail for a GNSS antenna<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1657,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"off","_et_pb_old_content":"

GNSS Antennas and Recycling<\/h1>\n\n\n
\"Nail
DIY GNSS (GPS\/Galileo\/Glonass\/Beidou) Antenna<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Everybody talks about protecting the environment and recycling. The nail antenna from the land of poets and thinkers (Germany) follows this trend. We\u2019ve hit the nail on the head with this design.  We don\u2019t need a new nail \u2013 no we use old, superfluous, rusty nails and recycle them into valuable, perfect GNSS antennas. This nail antenna was tuned without using a Vector Network Analyser (VNA). To adjust the nail antenna you only need a belt grinder. You shorten the nail with the saw to approximately Lambda\/4, check the number of visible GNSS satellites in the NMEA string and then further shorten the nail by grinding it. We do this until we see a maximum number of satellites in the sky. And as you can see, we are saving twice because we use old nails as antennas and save money on the purchase of an expensive VNA. If you don\u2019t have a belt grinder, you are welcome to use a hand file. If you don\u2019t have a hand file, you just ask your friendly neighbour. Everybody who sends me a picture of their nail antenna for GPS, LoRaWAN, Sigfox, Bluetooth, NB-IoT, or LTEM by e-mail up to October 31, 2019, can get a 30% discount on my IoT M2M Cookbook.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kidding aside \u2013 Back to real LPWAN and GNSS antennas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The antenna above is real. The HW developer has the same MegiQ Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) as me.  His VNA is in the laboratory and he wanted to repair the PCB at home. The GPS patch antenna was broken and at home there were only nails and a belt grinder. How a Lambda\/4 antenna works is basic knowledge. From time to time we exchange home made antennas. He constructed an antenna from old nails and\/or metal rod and I constructed one from two two cent coins (total cost therefore 4 euro cent).  A nail antenna can be adjusted to SubGHz (LoRaWAN, Sigfox, NB-IoT) and Bluetooth or Wi-Fi .  My coin antenna is nearly impossible to tune for SubGHz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nails or coins \u2013 from both you can develop antennas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The right conductive structure in the right arrangement always results in an antenna. You only have to know which structure fits which application.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

GNSS DIY Antenna and Receiving<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
GPS Test app on Android<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>How many GNSS satellites can be received and which are visible in the sky can be determined by an Android app called GPS-Test. GPS-Test shows us which GNSS satellites the phone is currently receiving and Sat-AR shows us which satellites are where in the sky. The screenshot of GPS-Test shows us 12 satellites in the display window and the scroll bar shows us that more than 12 are being received. GPS-Test shows not only the GPS satellites, but also the Glonass satellites. In the upper left corner of the display window we can see that 20 satellites are visible. On the right we can see that 18 satellites are in use. Below left one sees in which angle the satellites are in the sky. With the Trimble GNSS Planning web page we can see the number of satellites spread over the day. The chart below shows the number of satellites for Neustadt am R\u00fcbenberge near Hannover. In the worst case only 6 American GPS satellites are visible but 10 Chinese Beidou satellites. Besides there are 7 Russian GLONASS satellites and 6 European Galileo satellites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
GNSS Satellites visible in the sky over time<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

GPS DIY antenna: Smith chart and return loss<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
DIY GPS antenna - Smith Chart<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
DIY GPS antenna - return Loss<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The red curves show the antenna not matched to 50 Ohm in the return loss diagram and in the Smith chart. The blue curve shows the attempt to simulate matching. The return loss in the blue curve is better than -35 dB. However, the antenna cannot be adjusted to 50 Ohm and simultaneously pulled to 1575 MHz medium frequency. The 50 ohms are almost reached at 1655 MHz. The frequency is too high and the nail should be a bit longer. The red curve is perfect for this, which was adjusted without VNA. But it also shows that only shortening the antenna without VNA will not achieve the optimum. The blue curve would shift towards the red curve with a slightly longer antenna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anyone who has problems with their antenna or radio can contact us.  It does not have to be a nail antenna or a 4 cent antenna. We take care of the design of almost any antenna from 400 MHz to 6000 MHz.<\/p>\n","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[17,18,44,54,57],"class_list":["post-1656","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-antenna","tag-antenna","tag-gnss","tag-lpwan","tag-return-loss","tag-smith-chart"],"yoast_head":"\nSuccess - antenna in a recycling bin<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How we helped our client with a design for an IoT device in a recycling environment\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.akoriot.com\/antenna\/gnss-antennas-recycling\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Success - antenna in a recycling bin\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"How we helped our client with a design for an IoT device in a recycling environment\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.akoriot.com\/antenna\/gnss-antennas-recycling\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"akorIoT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-12-20T07:58:08+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-03-03T09:22:43+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.akoriot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Blog_GNSS_antennas_and_recycling-e1609314351353.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"400\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"264\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Harald Naumann\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Harald Naumann\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.akoriot.com\/antenna\/gnss-antennas-recycling\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.akoriot.com\/antenna\/gnss-antennas-recycling\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Harald Naumann\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.akoriot.com\/#\/schema\/person\/eccd99d7c85615773e90d9288f2ce998\"},\"headline\":\"GNSS Antennas and Recycling\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-12-20T07:58:08+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-03-03T09:22:43+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.akoriot.com\/antenna\/gnss-antennas-recycling\/\"},\"wordCount\":761,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.akoriot.com\/#organization\"},\"keywords\":[\"antenna\",\"GNSS\",\"LPWAN\",\"Return Loss\",\"Smith Chart\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Antenna\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.akoriot.com\/antenna\/gnss-antennas-recycling\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.akoriot.com\/antenna\/gnss-antennas-recycling\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.akoriot.com\/antenna\/gnss-antennas-recycling\/\",\"name\":\"Success - 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